In countries under authoritarian rule, foreign investment has helped enable human rights abusers, including in countries such as China, Russia, and Saudi Arabia. This panel discussion will explore why it is important for stakeholders to not invest in autocracies and the steps that need to be taken to prevent these capital flows from reaching the hands of dictators, including revisiting our understanding of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) investing. Among other specific issues, the panel will address how investment tools such as EM ETFs allocate a large portion of funds to authoritarian regimes, and the consequences of such allocations, including the human rights implications they present.